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Metrics in Learning Analytics

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Before life in the United States was rudely interrupted (to put it extremely mildly) last week, I teased the concept of metrics in learning analytics. Where dimensions frame a problem space, metrics are (literally) the things I look at to model the problem space. In other words, metrics are how I make sense of an analysis.

let’s learn about metrics in learning analytics!

Problem Spaces need a model that describes the space (dimensions) that enable me to make sense of it, or “perform an analysis.”

More than counting.

My analysis is always going to be defined by my metrics. Often, I need to count or tally things, but COUNTS ARE NOT ANALYSIS. In presentations, I often talk about how an xAPI statement is an observation. I explicitly associate that a given metric will likely have an xAPI statement to support an observation (observations = metrics = xAPI statements).

Here’s an example of how I generally approach learning and job-task analysis (relating the learning to doing). While these dimensions of the learner, the learning activity, and the learning experience might make sense to a learning professional, it’s important to remember that these dimensions aren’t (and shouldn’t be) the only way to do learning analytics. I’m expressing a complex enough model that if 80% of readers copy and paste without more forethought, it hopefully will point them in better directions than they were going before reading (the whole “making better” thing).

“All models are wrong, but some are useful.”

Anyone putting together an learning analytics strategy is arbitrarily framing a box, more or less, in which learning happens. Only through the pinholes of such a theoretical box can learning be observed. Then, only by putting those observations together can an analysis be performed.

simple model of learning analytics dimensions: Learner by learning activity by learning experience
Pinholes in a theoretical closed box

So what should those pinholes be? This seems like a pretty straightforward question. Working with stakeholders to define metrics in learning analytics requires patience, planning and practice. I’ll share methods for getting to these metrics in the coming weeks.

Barring further interruptions, tomorrow I’ll review MakingBetter’s work over the past year. On Friday, expect some catch-up on what I have been up to, with Elsevier, ADL and IEEE. Lots. To. Share.

Dimensions in Learning Analytics

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Dimensions, in learning analytics, are the ways we describe the (theoretical) space in which we’ll analyze… learning. I think of a given xAPI Profile as the technical instructions I want tools, systems and services to calibrate on for the way I need to make sense of the data. Yesterday, I shared a demo given of the forthcoming ADL xAPI Profile Server. Today, I step back to share a mental picture of how learning analytics can be framed.

In 2019, I collaborated with Judy Katz on some ideas for visualizing learning analytics strategy for the xAPI Camp @ Learning Solutions 2019. Judy and I each had our takes at the time on how we might frame the “space,” but with almost two years to reflect and multiple opportunities to put those ideas into practice, it’s abundantly clear how we each labeled the dimensions was less important than how we organized and measured similarly.

Dimensions

A simple way to think about learning analytics is that when we want to analyze learning, we look for information about:

simple model of learning analytics dimensions: Learner by learning activity by learning experience
A rather simple model of the dimensions of learning analytics.
  • The Learner,
  • The Learning Activity, and
  • The Learning Experience

… and all of these analyzed over Time as a constant means of comparison.

Dimensions tend to stay affixed, once set. The trajectories along which we measure things likely will remain the same. Much investment of time and human capital is built on this framing, so before anyone codes anything, this model should be treated as something that can be revised, even tossed out, in favor of something better. The investment of time and effort in planning is minimal, no matter how long the process takes, compared to the costs of implementing the wrong learning analytics strategy.

Metrics

Along each of these dimensions, I’d identify metrics. Metrics help to understand the dimension of learning I’m analyzing. For example, I might break a Learner dimension down into the type of Learner, or user, anticipated by the learning experience. If I’m developing a learning solution for practicing nurses, the “Learner” likely includes the “nurse” but may also include other roles, like a Nurse Preceptor or a Nurse Educator. A dimension like “Learner” should account for every type of participant.

Tomorrow, I’ll start diving into the ways I might break down those metrics more thoughtfully, related to the Learning Activity vs. the Learning Experience.

xAPI-Camp-Learning-Solutions-2019-Learning-Analytics-StrategyDownload